Write a clearly legible T to the left of each of the following that is true, and a clearly legible F to the left of each that is false.
In a typeless language, all type checking done at run time.
Standard ML is a strongly typed language. Therefore, in Standard ML, it is not possible to get a type error at run time.
Polymorphism is most useful in designing custom applications, and is rarely used in function libraries.
C++ uses name equivalence of types defined using typedef.
Programs written in an object-oriented style tend to be organized significantly differently from programs written in a functional or procedural style.
The class is an important concept of object-based programming.
In most object-oriented languages, some type checking must be done at run time.
Types and functions can both be viewed as kinds of encapsulations. A function encapsulates an algorithm for solving a problem; it hides the details of the algorithm. What is the main information that a fully abstract type encapsulates?
Why do most modern languages employ name equivalence instead of structural equivalence for types?
Polymorphism without type variables typically requires that a programmer defeat the compile-time type system. Give an example where the type system would need to be defeated without type variables, but where type variables would allow the compiler to perform type checking. (A programmer defeats the type system by providing type information that is different from what the compiler would infer, such as in doing a cast; the compiler is expected to go along with this information without asking any questions.)
What is the most general polymorphic type of function f defined by f(x) = tail(right(x))? Use type variables. Function right takes the right-hand member of an ordered pair. (Try an example. What kind of thing makes sense?)
What is the most general polymorphic type of the Astarte function filter? Use type variables. Filter is defined so that (filter p L) returns a list of all members x of list L such that p(x) is true. For example, if function positive returns true on a positive number and false on a nonpositive number, then (filter positive [9,-2,-3,6]) = [9,6]. Notice that p is a predicate.
In object-oriented programming, is a private data field of an object accessible only to that one object, or is it possible for other objects to access it directly?
In object-oriented programming, you imagine that objects carry functions with them. Yet, the functions are not really stored with the objects. How does an object locate its functions? How does it know which functions to select? What is the name of the system support that is responsible for locating functions?
Variables are found by means of selectors. How does the mechanism for inheriting variables work in single-inheritance object-oriented languages? Is there a separate implementation of each selector for each class, or does one implementation of each selector work for all subclasses of a class? How do the selector(s) work?
What is an abstract class?
What are the characteristics of a virtual functions? What makes it virtual?